Health was a major focus at the UN’s 28th annual Climate Change Conference (COP28), where there was a distinct day dedicated to the topic. This included nearly 50 health ministers, including Canada’s Mark Holland. Though COP28 resulted in a Climate and Health Declaration signed by 142 nations, it lacked explicit mention of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions reduction. The World Health Organization and the Global Climate and Health Alliance requested leaders to phase out fossil fuels, stating it’s a public health necessity.

The True Cost of Focusing on Cost Instead of Cost-Effectiveness
When payors consider only the cost of the medication and not the cost and risk to the patient, doctor, and healthcare system, the irony is


