In the 1940s, a young Dr. Koop learned the principles and practice of pediatric surgery from pioneers in the field, William E. Ladd and Robert Gross, at Boston’s Children’s Hospital. Ladd, who no longer operated, taught Koop the philosophy of pediatric surgery while Gross taught him its practice. Koop also learned of the bitterness and feud between Ladd and Gross, which included accusations of incompetence, dishonesty, and prejudice.

Q&A: What FDA layoffs mean for MedTech approvals
Mass layoffs at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, including the FDA, are expected to slow the medical device approval process, according to